331 Using nanoparticles as artificial antigen-presenting cells to activate human CD4 T cells for immunotherapy

Background Cytotoxic CD4 T cells have emerged as promising effectors in antitumor immunity, capable of both direct tumor killing and immune modulation. Despite clinical successes with CD4-based adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy, scalable methods to selectively expand rare antigen-specific, cytotoxic CD4 T cells remain limited. Existing platforms primarily focus on CD8 T cells and often lack the…