Murine CD8 lymphocyte expansion in vitro by artificial antigen‐presenting cells expressing CD137L (4‐1BBL) is superior to CD28, and CD137L expressed on neuroblastoma expands CD8 tumour‐reactive effector cells in vivo

The ability to expand tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in vitro has been greatly enhanced by the use of antigen-independent mechanisms of immune cell costimulation. We have produced human, using the K562 cell line, and murine, using YAC-1 cells, artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) and demonstrate that these cell types stimulate murine lymphocyte populations in distinct ways. Using aAPC that…