Machine learning-based prediction model for 2-year tooth loss risk in periodontitis patients: integrating radiographic features and clinical parameters

To develop and internally–externally validate a multidomain machine-learning (ML) model for 2-year tooth loss in periodontitis patients using exclusively baseline predictors, and to quantify the incremental value of radiographic over clinical features. This multicenter retrospective cohort included 862 periodontitis patients (Stage I–IV) from three centers (2019–2024), of whom 718 were evaluable a…